#Parabolic spike definition free#

Avalanches are readily observed in the local field potential 12, selectively engage single neurons 13, 14, and carry high information capacity 15, 16. This problem has been particularly prominent for neuronal avalanches 7, which represent highly diverse, scale-invariant cascades of neuronal activity predominantly found in the superficial layers of cortex. However, both, the growth of cascades and their overall temporal profile, i.e., the number of neurons or spikes encountered over time, have been found in simulations to be variable, challenging their ability to reliably transmit information within the cortical network 5, 7, 9– 11. Cortical cascades, in which a neuronal group that fires coincident spikes facilitates synchronization in downstream neurons through select, converging connections, suggest a particular powerful mechanism to establish robust, yet flexible information processing in the cortex 5– 7.

Cortical neurons, by preferentially integrating recurrent activity from neighboring cells 1 as well as from distant inputs, support at least two main synchronization dynamics: oscillations 2 and cascades, the latter in the form of waves 3, 4, synfire chains 5, 6, and neuronal avalanches 7, 8. Neuronal synchronization is fundamental to many theories of the cerebral cortex. Our results identify a scale-invariant temporal order in the synchronization of highly diverse cortical cell assemblies in the form of parabolic avalanches. These parabolic avalanches maximized temporal complexity in the ongoing activity of prefrontal and somatosensory cortex and in visual responses of primary visual cortex. The corresponding time course of an inverted parabola with exponent of χ = 2 described cortical avalanches of coincident firing for up to 5 s duration over an area of 1 mm 2.

The quadratic avalanche scaling was only found for correlated neurons, required temporal coarse-graining to compensate for spatial subsampling of the imaged cortex, and suggested cortical dynamics to be critical as demonstrated in simulations of balanced E/I-networks. Using 2-photon imaging of neurons in the superficial cortex of awake mice, we show that synchronized cell assemblies organize as scale-invariant avalanches that quadratically grow with duration. These synchronized cell assemblies are fundamental to cortex function, yet basic dynamical aspects of their size and duration are largely unknown. Send us feedback about these examples.Neurons in the cerebral cortex fire coincident action potentials during ongoing activity and in response to sensory inputs. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'parabola.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. 2023 Haaland was not watching, either, as the ball reached the apex of its parabola and started to descend.

#Parabolic spike definition free#

2023 The Hawks finally took the lead on three free throws (one thanks to a technical foul on Tatum) by Young with 1:39 left, then won it when the indomitable Young calmly drained a 30-foot pull-up parabola with 1.8 seconds remaining. Stacey Leasca, Travel + Leisure, 19 Apr. 2023 According to the company, the weightless flight works by performing aerobatic maneuvers known as parabolas.

Patrick Honner, Quanta Magazine, 24 Mar. Anto Dotcom, Rolling Stone, 26 July 2023 Every parabola has an axis of symmetry that splits the parabola into two mirror-image pieces. 2021 Mobilizing his multi-professional background, Paika has become both more than a distributor of good advice and spiritual parabola, but an authority on a variety of topics close to his studies. 2023 The most important part of a parabola is the vertex - its highest or lowest point - and there are many mathematical techniques for finding it. Jordana Cepelewicz, Quanta Magazine, 21 Sep. 2023 Consider the parabola defined by the equation f(x)=x2. Bill Wyman Anu Kumar, New York Times, 18 Oct. Recent Examples on the Web The open kitchen reflects the same color scheme - gray pans hang from a gray wall next to a dark gray refrigerator - while more desk lamps cast parabolas of light on the walls.